# CalcMountain

> Free online calculators for finance, health, math, conversions, and everyday decisions. Hundreds of fast, ad-light calculators that just work — mortgage, retirement, BMI, fitness, construction, statistics, and more.

## Top-level pages

- [Home](https://calcmountain.com/): browse all calculators
- [All calculators](https://calcmountain.com/calculators): full searchable catalog
- [Pricing](https://calcmountain.com/pricing): free + premium tiers

## Mortgage & Home

> Mortgage payments, refinancing, rent vs buy

- [Mortgage & Home category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage)
- [Mortgage Payment Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/mortgage-payment): Calculate your monthly mortgage payment including principal, interest, taxes, and insurance.
- [Mortgage Refinance Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/mortgage-refinance): Compare your current mortgage with a new loan to see monthly savings and break-even point.
- [Rent vs Buy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/rent-vs-buy): Compare the total cost of renting versus buying a home over time.
- [Home Affordability Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/home-affordability): Find out how much house you can afford based on your income, debts, and down payment.
- [Closing Costs Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/closing-costs): Estimate closing costs when buying a home including lender fees, title, and prepaids.
- [Home Equity Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/home-equity): Calculate your home equity and how much you could borrow with a HELOC.
- [Down Payment Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/down-payment): Find out how much to save for a home down payment and how long it will take.
- [Biweekly Mortgage Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/biweekly-mortgage): See how biweekly payments save you time and interest on your mortgage.
- [Reverse Mortgage Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/reverse-mortgage): Estimate how much you could receive from a reverse mortgage based on your home value and age.
- [Balloon Mortgage Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/balloon-mortgage): Calculate monthly payments and the balloon payment due at the end of your loan term.
- [ARM Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/arm-calculator): Calculate payments for an adjustable rate mortgage with rate changes over time.
- [Mortgage Points Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/mortgage-points): Calculate the break-even point for buying mortgage discount points.
- [Home Value Estimator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/home-value): Project your home's future value based on purchase price and annual appreciation.
- [PMI Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/pmi-calculator): Calculate private mortgage insurance costs and see when PMI drops off your loan.
- [FHA Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/fha-loan): Calculate FHA loan payments including upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums.
- [VA Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/va-loan): Calculate VA loan payments with 0% down and funding fee for eligible veterans.
- [Jumbo Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/jumbo-loan): Calculate jumbo mortgage payments for loans exceeding conforming loan limits.
- [Mortgage Tax Savings Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/mortgage-tax-savings): Calculate your tax savings from the mortgage interest deduction.
- [Interest-Only Mortgage Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/interest-only-mortgage): Calculate payments for an interest-only mortgage and compare to a standard mortgage.
- [Mortgage Required Income Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/mortgage-required-income): Calculate the income needed to qualify for a specific mortgage amount.
- [Seller Closing Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/seller-closing-costs): Estimate how much you will pay in closing costs when selling your home.
- [Mortgage Debt Consolidation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/mortgage/mortgage-debt-consolidation): See if rolling debts into a mortgage refinance saves money.

## Retirement

> 401(k), IRA, retirement planning

- [Retirement category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement)
- [401(k) Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/401k-calculator): Estimate your 401(k) balance at retirement with employer matching and investment growth.
- [Retirement Savings Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/retirement-savings): Project your retirement savings growth and see if you are on track.
- [IRA Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/ira-calculator): Compare Traditional vs Roth IRA growth and tax implications over time.
- [RMD Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/rmd-calculator): Calculate your Required Minimum Distribution from retirement accounts.
- [Social Security Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/social-security): Estimate your Social Security benefits based on when you start claiming.
- [Roth vs Traditional Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/roth-vs-traditional): Compare Roth and Traditional IRA/401(k) to see which is better for you.
- [Annuity Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/annuity-calculator): Calculate annuity payments from a lump sum or how much to invest for desired payments.
- [403(b) Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/403b-calculator): Estimate your 403(b) retirement savings for nonprofit and education employees.
- [Roth vs Traditional 401(k) Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/roth-vs-traditional-401k): Compare Roth 401(k) and Traditional 401(k) to see which gives you more in retirement.
- [FIRE Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/fire-calculator): Calculate when you can achieve Financial Independence and Retire Early (FIRE).
- [Pension Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/pension-calculator): Estimate your pension benefit based on years of service, salary, and benefit formula.
- [72(t) SEPP Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/72t-calculator): Calculate substantially equal periodic payments for early retirement distributions without penalty.
- [457 Plan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/457-plan): Estimate your 457(b) deferred compensation plan growth and retirement income.
- [Retirement Income Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/retirement-income): Estimate how much monthly income your retirement savings can provide.
- [Retirement Shortfall Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/retirement-shortfall): Find out if you are saving enough for retirement and calculate your savings gap.
- [Social Security Benefit Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/social-security-benefit): Compare Social Security benefits by claiming age from 62 to 70.
- [Lump Sum vs Annuity Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/retirement/lump-sum-vs-annuity): Compare taking a lump sum payout versus an annuity over time.

## Loans & Debt

> Auto loans, student loans, debt payoff

- [Loans & Debt category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan)
- [Auto Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/auto-loan): Calculate your monthly car payment and total loan cost including trade-in and sales tax.
- [Student Loan Payoff Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/student-loan-payoff): Plan your student loan payoff with standard and accelerated schedules.
- [Debt Snowball / Avalanche Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/debt-snowball): Compare debt payoff strategies — snowball (lowest balance first), avalanche (highest interest first), and more.
- [Personal Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/personal-loan): Calculate monthly payments, total interest, and effective APR for a personal loan.
- [Debt Consolidation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/debt-consolidation): Compare consolidating multiple debts into a single loan to see if you save money.
- [Amortization Schedule](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/amortization): Generate a full amortization schedule for any loan.
- [APR Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/apr-calculator): Calculate the true APR of a loan including all fees and costs.
- [Boat Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/boat-loan): Calculate monthly payments and total cost for a boat or marine loan.
- [HELOC Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/heloc-calculator): Calculate available credit and payments for a home equity line of credit.
- [Loan Comparison Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/loan-comparison): Compare two loan options side by side to find the better deal.
- [Accelerated Debt Payoff Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/accelerated-debt-payoff): See how extra payments shorten your loan payoff and reduce total interest.
- [RAP Student Loan Repayment Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/loan/rap-plan): Calculate your monthly payment under the 2026 RAP student loan repayment plan that replaces SAVE.

## Investment

> Compound interest, ROI, savings goals

- [Investment category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment)
- [Compound Interest Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/compound-interest): See how your money grows over time with compound interest and regular contributions.
- [Investment Returns Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/investment-returns): Calculate your potential investment returns over different time horizons.
- [ROI Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/roi-calculator): Calculate return on investment including annualized returns and net gain.
- [Dollar-Cost Averaging Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/dollar-cost-averaging): Compare dollar-cost averaging vs lump sum investing to see which strategy wins.
- [Simple Interest Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/simple-interest): Calculate simple interest on a principal amount over time.
- [CAGR Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/cagr-calculator): Calculate the Compound Annual Growth Rate of an investment.
- [NPV Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/npv-calculator): Calculate Net Present Value for investment decisions with multiple cash flows.
- [Future Value Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/future-value): Calculate the future value of a lump sum or annuity.
- [Present Value Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/present-value): Discount future money to find what it is worth today.
- [Millionaire Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/millionaire-calculator): Find out how long it takes to reach $1 million (or any target).
- [Dividend Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/dividend-calculator): Calculate dividend income with DRIP reinvestment and dividend growth.
- [Dividend Yield Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/dividend-yield): Calculate dividend yield from stock price and dividend payments.
- [Stock Profit Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/stock-profit): Calculate profit or loss from buying and selling stocks.
- [Bond Yield Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/bond-yield): Calculate current yield and yield to maturity for bonds.
- [WACC Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/wacc-calculator): Calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital for a company.
- [IRR Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/irr-calculator): Calculate the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.
- [DCF Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/dcf-calculator): Discounted cash flow valuation with 5-year projections.
- [Black-Scholes Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/black-scholes): Calculate European option prices and Greeks using the Black-Scholes model.
- [Sharpe Ratio Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/sharpe-ratio): Calculate the Sharpe ratio for risk-adjusted investment returns.
- [Asset Allocation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/asset-allocation): Get a recommended portfolio allocation based on your risk tolerance.
- [Stock Option Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/stock-option): Calculate employee stock option value with vesting schedule.
- [Municipal Bond Yield Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/muni-bond-yield): Calculate tax-equivalent yield for municipal bonds.
- [Mutual Fund Expense Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/mutual-fund-expense): See how mutual fund fees impact your returns over time.
- [EPS Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/eps-calculator): Calculate basic and diluted earnings per share.
- [1031 Exchange Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/1031-exchange): Calculate tax deferral and reinvestment requirements for a 1031 like-kind exchange.
- [NUA Company Stock Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/company-stock-distribution): Calculate tax savings using Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) for employer stock distributions.
- [Taxable vs Tax-Deferred Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/investment/taxable-vs-tax-deferred): Compare investing in taxable, tax-deferred, and tax-free accounts.

## Tax

> Income tax, payroll, self-employment

- [Tax category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax)
- [Income Tax Estimator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/income-tax-estimator): Estimate your federal income tax using current brackets and deductions.
- [Payroll Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/payroll-tax): Calculate take-home pay after federal, state, and FICA taxes.
- [Self-Employment Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/self-employment-tax): Calculate self-employment tax (Schedule SE) including Social Security and Medicare.
- [Sales Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/sales-tax): Calculate sales tax on any purchase amount.
- [Salary to Hourly Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/salary-to-hourly): Convert annual salary to hourly rate and see all pay period breakdowns.
- [Overtime Pay Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/overtime-calculator): Calculate overtime pay including 1.5x and 2x hourly rates.
- [Estate Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/estate-tax): Estimate federal estate tax liability with exemptions and graduated rates.
- [Capital Gains Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/capital-gains-tax): Calculate short-term and long-term capital gains tax on investments.
- [Tax Bracket Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/tax-bracket): Find your federal tax bracket and see marginal vs effective tax rates.
- [Earned Income Credit Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/earned-income-credit): Estimate your Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) based on income and dependents.
- [Child Tax Credit Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/child-tax-credit): Calculate the Child Tax Credit based on number of children and income.
- [Charitable Giving Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/charitable-giving-tax): Calculate tax savings from charitable donations and deductions.
- [Lottery Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/lottery-tax): Calculate taxes on lottery winnings with lump sum vs annuity comparison.
- [Hourly to Salary Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/hourly-to-salary): Convert hourly wage to annual salary with overtime calculations.
- [2026 Tariff Impact Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/tariff-impact): Estimate how 2026 tariffs will increase your annual household costs by spending category.
- [Student Loan Forgiveness Tax Bomb Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/loan-forgiveness-tax): Calculate the tax bill on forgiven student loan balances, which become taxable income in 2026.
- [Freelancer Quarterly Tax Estimator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/tax/freelancer-quarterly-tax): Calculate quarterly estimated tax payments for freelancers and gig workers (1099 income).

## Auto

> Auto loans, lease vs buy, fuel costs

- [Auto category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto)
- [Lease vs Buy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/lease-vs-buy): Compare the total cost of leasing versus buying a car.
- [Fuel Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/fuel-cost): Compare fuel costs between vehicles by MPG, gas price, and annual miles driven.
- [Car Loan Payoff Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/car-loan-payoff): See how extra payments help you pay off your car loan faster.
- [Car Depreciation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/car-depreciation): Estimate how much your car loses in value each year.
- [Auto Loan Refinance Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/auto-refinance): Calculate savings from refinancing your auto loan to a lower interest rate.
- [Motorcycle Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/motorcycle-loan): Calculate monthly payments for a motorcycle loan with trade-in and taxes.
- [Car Affordability Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/car-affordability): Find out how much car you can afford based on your income and budget.
- [Car Lease Payment Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/car-lease): Calculate car lease payments using capitalized cost, residual value, and money factor.
- [EV vs Gas Savings Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/ev-savings): Compare the operating costs of an electric vehicle versus a gas car.
- [MPG Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/mpg-calculator): Calculate your miles per gallon from fill-up data and see annual fuel costs.
- [Auto Rebate vs Low-Rate Financing](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/auto-rebate-vs-financing): Compare taking a cash rebate versus choosing promotional low-rate financing.
- [RV / Camper Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/rv-loan): Calculate monthly payments for an RV or camper loan including insurance and storage.
- [Horsepower Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/horsepower): Calculate horsepower from torque and RPM using HP = Torque x RPM / 5252.
- [Tire Size Comparison](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/tire-size): Compare tire sizes and see differences in diameter, width, sidewall height, and circumference.
- [2026 EV Loan Interest Deduction Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/auto/ev-loan-deduction): Calculate your annual tax savings from the new EV loan interest deduction that replaces the $7,500 credit.

## Insurance

> Life insurance needs, coverage

- [Insurance category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/insurance)
- [Life Insurance Needs Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/insurance/life-insurance-needs): Calculate how much life insurance coverage you need based on income, debts, and dependents.
- [Disability Insurance Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/insurance/disability-insurance): Calculate how much disability insurance coverage you need to protect your income.
- [Long-Term Care Cost Estimator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/insurance/long-term-care): Estimate future long-term care costs for nursing homes, assisted living, and home care.
- [Fixed Annuity Payout Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/insurance/fixed-annuity): Calculate guaranteed payouts from a fixed annuity based on your investment and rate.
- [Variable Annuity Growth Projector](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/insurance/variable-annuity): Project variable annuity growth including fees, expense ratios, and mortality charges.
- [Life Insurance Calculator (DIME Method)](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/insurance/life-insurance-calculator): Calculate detailed life insurance needs using the DIME method: Debt, Income, Mortgage, Education.

## Business

> Break-even, profit margin, cash flow

- [Business category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business)
- [Break-Even Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/break-even): Find how many units you need to sell to cover your costs.
- [Profit Margin Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/profit-margin): Calculate gross, operating, and net profit margins from your revenue and costs.
- [Cash Flow Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/cash-flow): Project your business cash flow, burn rate, and runway over time.
- [Startup Cost Estimator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/startup-cost): Estimate total startup costs and identify your funding gap.
- [DSCR Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/dscr-calculator): Calculate the debt service coverage ratio to evaluate loan qualification and financial health.
- [Business Valuation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/business-valuation): Estimate your business value using revenue multiples and discounted cash flow methods.
- [Cost of Goods Sold Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/cogs-calculator): Calculate COGS and gross profit to understand your product profitability.
- [Contribution Margin Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/contribution-margin): Calculate your contribution margin to understand how much each sale contributes to profit.
- [Payback Period Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/payback-period): Calculate how long it takes for an investment to pay for itself.
- [Mileage Reimbursement Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/mileage-reimbursement): Calculate IRS mileage rate reimbursement for business, medical, or charity driving.
- [Inventory Turnover Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/inventory-turnover): Calculate inventory turnover ratio and days in inventory.
- [Working Capital Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/working-capital): Calculate working capital and current ratio for your business.
- [Financial Ratios Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/financial-ratios): Calculate key financial ratios for liquidity, profitability, and leverage.
- [Labor Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/labor-cost): Calculate total labor cost per employee including benefits and taxes.
- [Equipment Buy vs Lease Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/equipment-buy-vs-lease): Compare buying vs leasing business equipment.
- [Commercial Loan Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/commercial-loan): Calculate commercial loan payments with balloon option.
- [Debt-to-Equity Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/debt-to-equity): Calculate the debt-to-equity ratio for your business.
- [Burn Rate Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/burn-rate): Calculate startup burn rate and cash runway.
- [CAC Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/cac-calculator): Calculate customer acquisition cost and LTV:CAC ratio.
- [Churn Rate Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/churn-rate): Calculate customer churn rate and retention metrics.
- [SaaS Metrics Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/saas-metrics): Calculate key SaaS metrics: MRR, ARR, LTV, and CAC ratio.
- [Depreciation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/depreciation-calculator): Calculate asset depreciation using straight-line, MACRS, double declining balance, SYD, or units of production methods.
- [SaaS Revenue Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/business/saas-revenue): Model MRR, ARR, and growth projections from your SaaS pricing tiers.

## Credit Card

> Payoff, balance transfer, rewards

- [Credit Card category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/credit-card)
- [Credit Card Payoff Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/credit-card/credit-card-payoff): Find out how long it will take to pay off your credit card and how much interest you will pay.
- [Balance Transfer Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/credit-card/balance-transfer): See if transferring your credit card balance to a 0% intro APR card saves money.
- [Minimum Payment Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/credit-card/minimum-payment): See how long it takes to pay off a credit card with minimum payments only.

## Savings

> Savings goals, emergency fund, CDs

- [Savings category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings)
- [Savings Goal Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/savings-goal): Find out how much to save each month to reach your financial goal.
- [Emergency Fund Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/emergency-fund): Calculate how much you need in your emergency fund based on monthly expenses.
- [CD Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/cd-calculator): Calculate certificate of deposit earnings with compounding interest.
- [Savings Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/savings-calculator): Calculate how your savings grow with regular deposits and compound interest.
- [529 College Savings Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/529-calculator): Project your 529 plan growth and see if you'll have enough for college tuition.
- [College Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/college-cost): Project future college costs with inflation and savings growth.
- [CD Ladder Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/cd-ladder): Build a CD ladder strategy for optimal liquidity and returns.
- [Cool Million Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/cool-million): Calculate how long it takes to save one million dollars.
- [Lunch Savings Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/lunch-savings): Calculate how much you save by bringing lunch instead of eating out.
- [Vice Savings Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/savings/vice-savings): See how much you save by quitting a daily habit like coffee, smoking, or snacking.

## Personal Finance

> Net worth, budget, debt-to-income

- [Personal Finance category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance)
- [Net Worth Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/net-worth): Calculate your net worth by subtracting liabilities from assets.
- [Debt-to-Income Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/debt-to-income): Calculate your DTI ratio to understand your borrowing capacity.
- [Budget Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/budget-calculator): Apply the 50/30/20 budgeting rule to your income and track spending.
- [Tip Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/tip-calculator): Calculate tip amount and split the bill among friends.
- [Inflation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/inflation-calculator): See how inflation erodes your purchasing power over time.
- [Pay Raise Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/pay-raise): Calculate your new salary after a raise and see the per-paycheck impact.
- [Cost of Living Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/cost-of-living): Compare cost of living between cities and calculate equivalent salary.
- [Wedding Budget Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/wedding-budget): Plan your wedding budget with per-category breakdowns.
- [Life Expectancy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/life-expectancy): Estimate your life expectancy based on age, sex, and lifestyle factors.
- [Student Budget Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/student-budget): Plan a monthly budget as a college student with income and expense tracking.
- [Currency Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/currency-converter): Convert between major world currencies using approximate exchange rates.
- [Rule of 72 Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/rule-of-72): Estimate how long it takes to double your money at a given interest rate.
- [Side Hustle Income Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/side-hustle-income): Calculate your actual take-home pay from a side hustle after self-employment and income taxes.
- [Inflation-Adjusted Salary Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/personal-finance/inflation-salary): Find out if your raises have kept up with inflation and what your salary is really worth.

## Health

> BMI, calories, HSA contributions

- [Health category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health)
- [BMI Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/bmi-calculator): Calculate your Body Mass Index from height and weight.
- [Calorie Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/calorie-calculator): Calculate daily calorie needs based on age, weight, height, and activity level.
- [HSA Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/hsa-calculator): Calculate HSA tax savings and projected balance over time.
- [TDEE Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/tdee-calculator): Calculate your Total Daily Energy Expenditure using the Harris-Benedict equation.
- [Macro Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/macro-calculator): Calculate your ideal protein, carb, and fat macronutrient split.
- [Body Fat Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/body-fat): Estimate your body fat percentage using the Navy method.
- [Ideal Weight Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/ideal-weight): Find your ideal weight using Devine, Robinson, Miller, and Hamwi formulas.
- [Protein Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/protein-calculator): Calculate daily protein needs based on weight and activity level.
- [BMR Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/bmr-calculator): Calculate Basal Metabolic Rate using Mifflin-St Jeor and Harris-Benedict equations.
- [Pregnancy Due Date Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/due-date): Estimate your pregnancy due date from your last menstrual period.
- [Ovulation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/ovulation-calculator): Estimate your ovulation date and fertility window.
- [BAC Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/bac-calculator): Estimate blood alcohol content using the Widmark formula.
- [Sleep Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/sleep-calculator): Find optimal bedtimes and wake times based on sleep cycles.
- [Water Intake Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/water-intake): Calculate your recommended daily water intake.
- [BMI Calculator for Kids](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/bmi-kids): Calculate BMI for children with age and sex percentile interpretation.
- [Keto Macro Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/keto-calculator): Calculate your ideal keto macros with high fat and low carb ratios.
- [Pregnancy Weight Gain Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/pregnancy-weight-gain): Calculate recommended weight gain by trimester during pregnancy.
- [Target Heart Rate Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/target-heart-rate): Calculate target heart rate training zones by age using the Karvonen method.
- [Child Height Predictor](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/child-height-predictor): Predict a child's adult height from parents' heights using the mid-parent method.
- [A1C Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/a1c-calculator): Convert A1C percentage to estimated average blood glucose (eAG) and vice versa.
- [Lean Body Mass Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/lean-body-mass): Calculate your lean body mass from total weight and body fat percentage.
- [Conception Date Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/health/pregnancy-conception): Estimate the conception date from a due date or last menstrual period.

## Real Estate

> Cap rate, rental ROI, property analysis

- [Real Estate category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate)
- [Cap Rate Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/cap-rate): Calculate the capitalization rate to evaluate real estate investment returns.
- [Rental Property ROI Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/rental-property): Calculate the total return on investment for a rental property including cash flow and appreciation.
- [Cost Segregation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/cost-segregation): Estimate tax savings from a cost segregation study by reclassifying building components into accelerated depreciation categories.
- [Real Estate Commission Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/real-estate-commission): Calculate agent commission splits for buyer and listing agents on a home sale.
- [Rent Increase Projector](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/rent-increase): Project how your rent will increase over time with annual rent hikes.
- [Price Per Square Foot Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/price-per-sqft): Calculate and compare price per square foot for properties and comparable sales.
- [Property Tax Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/property-tax): Estimate annual property tax from assessed value and local mill rate.
- [ARV Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/arv-calculator): Calculate the After Repair Value for house flipping and rehab projects.
- [Home Renovation ROI Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/real-estate/renovation-roi): Estimate the return on investment for home renovations based on project type and region.

## Math

> Percentages, algebra, geometry, and number tools

- [Math category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math)
- [Percentage Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/percentage-calculator): Calculate percentages: find X% of Y, what percent X is of Y, or X is Y% of what.
- [Percentage Change Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/percentage-change): Calculate the percentage increase or decrease between two values.
- [Fraction Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/fraction-calculator): Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with step-by-step results.
- [Square Root Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/square-root): Calculate the square root or nth root of any number.
- [Exponent Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/exponent-calculator): Calculate base raised to any power (base^exponent).
- [Logarithm Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/log-calculator): Calculate natural log (ln), log base 10, or logarithm with any custom base.
- [Scientific Notation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/scientific-notation): Convert numbers to and from scientific notation.
- [Significant Figures Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/sig-figs): Count significant figures in a number and round to a specific number of sig figs.
- [Quadratic Formula Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/quadratic-formula): Solve quadratic equations (ax² + bx + c = 0) and find the roots.
- [Pythagorean Theorem Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/pythagorean-theorem): Find the missing side of a right triangle using a² + b² = c².
- [Greatest Common Factor Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/gcf-calculator): Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of two numbers.
- [Least Common Multiple Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/lcm-calculator): Find the least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers.
- [Prime Factorization Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/prime-factorization): Find the prime factors of any positive integer.
- [Slope Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/slope-calculator): Calculate the slope of a line between two points.
- [Midpoint Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/midpoint-calculator): Find the midpoint between two points on a coordinate plane.
- [Distance Formula Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/distance-formula): Calculate the distance between two points on a coordinate plane.
- [Area Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/area-calculator): Calculate the area of common shapes: circle, rectangle, triangle, and trapezoid.
- [Circumference Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/circumference-calculator): Calculate the circumference of a circle from its radius or diameter.
- [Volume Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/volume-calculator): Calculate the volume of common 3D shapes: sphere, cylinder, cube, and cone.
- [Average Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/average-calculator): Calculate the mean, median, and mode from a list of numbers.
- [Weighted Average Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/weighted-average): Calculate the weighted average of values with different weights.
- [Decimal to Fraction Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/decimal-to-fraction): Convert a decimal number to its simplest fraction form.
- [Fraction to Decimal Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/fraction-to-decimal): Convert a fraction to its decimal and percentage equivalent.
- [Mixed Number Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/mixed-number): Convert between mixed numbers and improper fractions.
- [Proportion Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/proportion-calculator): Solve a/b = c/d for any missing value in a proportion.
- [Ratio Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/ratio-calculator): Simplify ratios and scale them to a desired total.
- [Golden Ratio Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/golden-ratio): Calculate golden ratio relationships using phi (1.618...).
- [Factorial Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/factorial-calculator): Calculate factorial (n!), double factorial (n!!), and subfactorial (!n).
- [Triangle Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/triangle-calculator): Calculate triangle area, perimeter, and angles from three side lengths using Heron's formula and the law of cosines.
- [Trapezoid Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/trapezoid-calculator): Calculate the area and perimeter of a trapezoid from its bases, legs, and height.
- [Hexagon Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/hexagon-calculator): Calculate the area, perimeter, and apothem of a regular hexagon from its side length.
- [Circle Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/circle-calculator): Calculate circle area, circumference, diameter, and radius. Solve from any known value.
- [Ellipse Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/ellipse-calculator): Calculate the area and approximate circumference of an ellipse from its semi-major and semi-minor axes.
- [Arc Length Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/arc-length): Calculate the arc length of a circle from its radius and central angle in degrees or radians.
- [Sector Area Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/sector-area): Calculate the area of a circular sector from its radius and central angle.
- [Surface Area Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/surface-area): Calculate the surface area of common 3D shapes: cube, sphere, cylinder, and cone.
- [Perimeter Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/perimeter-calculator): Calculate the perimeter of common shapes: rectangle, triangle, circle, and regular polygon.
- [Cylinder Volume Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/cylinder-volume): Calculate the volume and surface area of a cylinder from its radius and height.
- [Cone Volume Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/cone-volume): Calculate the volume and surface area of a cone from its radius and height.
- [Sphere Volume Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/sphere-volume): Calculate the volume and surface area of a sphere from its radius.
- [Cube Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/cube-calculator): Calculate the volume, surface area, and space diagonal of a cube from its side length.
- [Law of Cosines Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/law-of-cosines): Solve a triangle using the law of cosines for SSS (three sides) or SAS (two sides and included angle) cases.
- [Law of Sines Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/law-of-sines): Solve a triangle using the law of sines for AAS (two angles + non-included side) or ASA (two angles + included side) cases.
- [Trigonometry Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/trig-calculator): Calculate sin, cos, tan, and their inverses (arcsin, arccos, arctan) for any angle.
- [2x2 Matrix Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/matrix-calculator): Calculate the determinant, inverse, and product of 2x2 matrices.
- [Dot Product Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/dot-product): Calculate the dot product of two vectors in 2D or 3D, plus the angle between them.
- [Cross Product Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/cross-product): Calculate the cross product of two 3D vectors, including the resulting vector and its magnitude.
- [Vector Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/vector-calculator): Calculate vector magnitude, unit vector, addition, and subtraction for 2D or 3D vectors.
- [Exponential Growth Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/exponential-growth): Calculate exponential growth or decay using A = A0 * e^(kt).
- [Compound Growth Rate Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/compound-growth): Calculate compound growth rate for any value over time (CAGR for general use).
- [Doubling Time Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/doubling-time): Calculate doubling time using the Rule of 72 and the exact formula.
- [Percent Error Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/percent-error): Calculate percent error from experimental and theoretical values.
- [Absolute Value Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/absolute-value): Calculate the absolute value and distance on the number line.
- [Long Division Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/long-division): Perform long division with a step-by-step solution showing all work.
- [Rounding Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/math/rounding-calculator): Round numbers to the nearest decimal place, significant figures, or integer.

## Statistics

> Standard deviation, probability, z-scores, and data analysis

- [Statistics category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics)
- [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/standard-deviation): Calculate population and sample standard deviation from a data set.
- [Probability Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/probability-calculator): Calculate basic probability from favorable outcomes divided by total outcomes.
- [Combination Calculator (nCr)](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/combination-calculator): Calculate the number of combinations (nCr) for choosing r items from n.
- [Permutation Calculator (nPr)](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/permutation-calculator): Calculate the number of permutations (nPr) for arranging r items from n.
- [Z-Score Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/z-score): Calculate the z-score from a value, population mean, and standard deviation.
- [Confidence Interval Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/confidence-interval): Calculate the confidence interval for a population mean.
- [P-Value Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/p-value): Calculate the p-value from a z-score or t-score for hypothesis testing.
- [Mean, Median, Mode Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/mean-median-mode): Calculate mean, median, and mode from a dataset of up to 10 values.
- [Variance Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/variance-calculator): Calculate population and sample variance from a data set.
- [Margin of Error Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/margin-of-error): Calculate the margin of error for surveys and polls.
- [Sample Size Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/sample-size): Calculate the required sample size for a given confidence level and margin of error.
- [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/correlation-coefficient): Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) from paired data.
- [Chi-Square Test Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/chi-square): Perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test comparing observed vs expected frequencies.
- [T-Test Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/t-test): Perform a one-sample t-test comparing a sample mean to a population mean.
- [One-Way ANOVA Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/anova-calculator): Compare means of 3 groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
- [Linear Regression Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/linear-regression): Compute slope, intercept, R-squared, and predictions from paired x,y data.
- [Binomial Distribution Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/binomial-distribution): Calculate P(X=k) and cumulative probabilities for a binomial distribution.
- [Normal Distribution Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/normal-distribution): Calculate z-score, probability, and percentile for a normal distribution.
- [Poisson Distribution Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/poisson-distribution): Calculate P(X=k) and cumulative probabilities for a Poisson distribution.
- [IQR Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/iqr-calculator): Calculate the interquartile range (IQR) from a data set of up to 10 values.
- [Percentile Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/percentile-calculator): Find the percentile rank of a value in a data set.
- [Hypothesis Testing Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/hypothesis-testing): Perform a z-test for hypothesis testing with a decision at your chosen significance level.
- [Bayes Theorem Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/bayes-theorem): Calculate P(A|B) using Bayes theorem from P(B|A), P(A), and P(B).
- [Expected Value Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/expected-value): Calculate the expected value from outcomes and their probabilities.
- [Outlier Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/outlier-calculator): Detect outliers in a data set using the IQR method.
- [Box Plot Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/box-plot): Calculate box plot statistics: min, Q1, median, Q3, and max from a data set.
- [Histogram Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/statistics/histogram): Generate frequency distribution from data with configurable number of bins.

## Fitness

> Heart rate zones, pace, calories burned, and training tools

- [Fitness category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/fitness)
- [Heart Rate Zone Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/fitness/heart-rate-zone): Calculate training heart rate zones using the Karvonen method.
- [1RM Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/fitness/one-rep-max): Calculate your one-rep max from weight and reps using Brzycki and Epley formulas.
- [Pace Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/fitness/pace-calculator): Convert between pace, time, and distance for running and walking.
- [Calories Burned Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/fitness/calories-burned): Estimate calories burned by activity and duration using MET values.
- [Walking Calories Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/fitness/walking-calories): Calculate calories burned while walking based on speed, weight, and duration.
- [VO2 Max Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/fitness/vo2-max): Estimate your VO2 max from running test data.

## Construction

> Square footage, concrete, roofing, flooring, and building materials

- [Construction category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction)
- [Square Footage Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/square-footage): Calculate the square footage of rooms, walls, and irregularly shaped areas.
- [Concrete Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/concrete-calculator): Calculate cubic yards of concrete needed for slabs, footings, and columns.
- [Paint Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/paint-calculator): Calculate gallons of paint needed for a room including walls and ceiling.
- [Roofing Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/roofing-calculator): Calculate roofing squares, bundles of shingles, and materials needed.
- [Flooring Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/flooring-calculator): Calculate flooring material needed with waste factor for any room.
- [Drywall Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/drywall-calculator): Calculate sheets of drywall needed for walls and ceilings.
- [Fence Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/fence-calculator): Calculate fence materials including posts, rails, pickets, and concrete.
- [Gravel Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/gravel-calculator): Calculate tons of gravel, rock, or fill material needed for a project.
- [Tile Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/tile-calculator): Calculate the number of tiles needed with waste factor and grout.
- [Deck Stain Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/deck-stain): Calculate gallons of stain or sealer needed for a deck.
- [Insulation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/insulation-calculator): Calculate insulation batts or rolls needed with R-value selection.
- [Brick Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/brick-calculator): Calculate the number of bricks and mortar needed for a wall or project.
- [Stair Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/stair-calculator): Calculate stair rise, run, and number of steps from total height.
- [Ramp Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/ramp-calculator): Calculate ADA-compliant ramp length from height using 1:12 ratio.
- [Wallpaper Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/wallpaper-calculator): Calculate rolls of wallpaper needed for a room.
- [Board Foot Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/board-foot): Calculate board feet from lumber dimensions and quantity.
- [Carpet Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/carpet-calculator): Calculate carpet square yards needed and estimate cost.
- [Paver Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/paver-calculator): Calculate the number of pavers needed for a patio or walkway.
- [Roof Pitch Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/roof-pitch): Calculate roof pitch angle and multiplier from rise and run.
- [Pool Volume Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/pool-volume): Calculate pool water volume in gallons for rectangular and round pools.
- [Concrete Driveway Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/concrete-driveway-cost): Estimate the cost of a concrete driveway including materials and labor.
- [Asphalt Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/asphalt-calculator): Calculate tons of asphalt needed for a paving project.
- [Snow Load Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/snow-load): Calculate roof snow load in pounds per square foot (psf) from depth and density.
- [AC BTU Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/ac-btu): Calculate the right air conditioner size (BTU) for your room.
- [Topsoil Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/topsoil-calculator): Calculate cubic yards of topsoil needed for a garden or lawn project.
- [Lumber Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/lumber-calculator): Calculate board feet, total cost, and quantities for lumber projects.
- [Retaining Wall Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/retaining-wall): Calculate the number of blocks and cost for a retaining wall.
- [Tank Volume Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/construction/tank-volume): Calculate the volume of a cylindrical, rectangular, or oval tank.

## Physics

> Ohms law, force, energy, motion, and electrical calculators

- [Physics category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics)
- [Ohm's Law Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/ohms-law): Calculate voltage, current, or resistance using Ohm's Law (V = IR).
- [Speed Distance Time Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/speed-distance-time): Solve for speed, distance, or time using the formula Speed = Distance / Time.
- [Force Calculator (F=ma)](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/force-calculator): Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using Newton's Second Law F = ma.
- [Acceleration Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/acceleration-calculator): Calculate acceleration from initial velocity, final velocity, and time.
- [Kinetic Energy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/kinetic-energy): Calculate kinetic energy using KE = 1/2 mv².
- [Potential Energy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/potential-energy): Calculate gravitational potential energy using PE = mgh.
- [Density Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/density-calculator): Calculate density, mass, or volume using Density = Mass / Volume.
- [Momentum Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/momentum-calculator): Calculate momentum using p = mv (mass times velocity).
- [Free Fall Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/free-fall): Calculate free fall distance, velocity, and time for an object dropped from height.
- [Pressure Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/pressure-calculator): Calculate pressure from force and area using P = F/A.
- [Power Calculator (Watts)](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/power-calculator): Calculate electrical power using P = VI, P = I²R, or P = W/t.
- [Frequency Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/frequency-calculator): Calculate frequency from period and vice versa (f = 1/T).
- [Wavelength Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/wavelength-calculator): Calculate wavelength from wave speed and frequency (lambda = v/f).
- [Voltage Divider Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/voltage-divider): Calculate voltage divider output using Vout = Vin x R2/(R1+R2).
- [Resistor Color Code Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/resistor-color-code): Find resistor value from color bands (4-band and 5-band).
- [Wire Gauge (AWG) Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/wire-gauge): Find AWG wire ampacity, diameter, and resistance per foot.
- [LED Resistor Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/led-resistor): Calculate the current-limiting resistor needed for an LED circuit.
- [Torque Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/torque-calculator): Calculate torque using the formula τ = F × r × sin(θ).
- [Work Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/work-calculator): Calculate mechanical work using W = F × d × cos(θ).
- [Spring Constant Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/spring-constant): Calculate spring constant using Hooke's Law F = kx.
- [Pendulum Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/pendulum-calculator): Calculate the period of a simple pendulum using T = 2π√(L/g).
- [Centripetal Force Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/centripetal-force): Calculate centripetal force using F = mv²/r.
- [Coulomb's Law Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/coulombs-law): Calculate electrostatic force using Coulomb's Law F = kq₁q₂/r².
- [Capacitance Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/capacitance-calculator): Calculate capacitance, charge, voltage, and energy stored using Q = CV.
- [Snell's Law Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/snells-law): Calculate refraction angle using Snell's Law n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂).
- [Doppler Effect Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/doppler-effect): Calculate observed frequency from source and observer velocities.
- [Buoyancy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/buoyancy-calculator): Calculate buoyant force using Archimedes' principle F_b = ρVg.
- [Bernoulli Equation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/bernoulli-equation): Apply Bernoulli's principle: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant.
- [Flow Rate Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/flow-rate): Calculate volume flow rate using Q = A × v.
- [Gear Ratio Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/gear-ratio): Calculate gear ratio from teeth counts, speed, and torque conversion.
- [Pulley Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/pulley-calculator): Calculate mechanical advantage of pulley systems.
- [Escape Velocity Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/escape-velocity): Calculate escape velocity using v = √(2GM/r).
- [Orbital Velocity Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/orbital-velocity): Calculate orbital velocity using v = √(GM/r).
- [E=mc² Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/emc2-calculator): Calculate energy-mass equivalence using Einstein's E = mc².
- [Decibel Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/decibel-calculator): Calculate decibels from power or intensity ratios.
- [Speed of Sound Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/speed-of-sound): Calculate the speed of sound in air at different temperatures.
- [Hooke's Law Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/hookes-law): Calculate force, displacement, and elastic potential energy using Hooke's Law F = kx.
- [Voltage Drop Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/voltage-drop): Calculate voltage drop across a wire run based on length, gauge, and current.
- [Friction Force Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/physics/friction-calculator): Calculate friction force from normal force and coefficient of friction.

## Chemistry

> Molarity, pH, half-life, and chemical calculations

- [Chemistry category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry)
- [Half-Life Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/half-life): Calculate radioactive or exponential decay half-life, remaining amount, and decay constant.
- [Molarity Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/molarity-calculator): Calculate molarity (moles per liter) and perform dilution calculations (C1V1 = C2V2).
- [pH Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/ph-calculator): Calculate pH from H+ concentration and convert between pH, pOH, [H+], and [OH-].
- [Molar Mass Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/molar-mass): Calculate molar mass from element atomic weights and their quantities in a compound.
- [Dilution Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/dilution-calculator): Calculate dilution using C1V1 = C2V2 equation. Find any missing variable.
- [Titration Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/titration-calculator): Calculate titration endpoint including molarity, volume, and equivalence point.
- [Boiling Point Elevation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/boiling-point): Calculate boiling point elevation using ΔTb = Kb x m x i.
- [Freezing Point Depression Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/freezing-point-depression): Calculate freezing point depression using ΔTf = Kf x m x i.
- [Gibbs Free Energy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/gibbs-free-energy): Calculate Gibbs free energy using ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
- [Equilibrium Constant Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/equilibrium-constant): Calculate the equilibrium constant (Keq) from product and reactant concentrations.
- [Percent Yield Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/percent-yield): Calculate percent yield from actual and theoretical yield values.
- [Theoretical Yield Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/theoretical-yield): Calculate theoretical yield from stoichiometry, reactant mass, and molar masses.
- [Empirical Formula Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/empirical-formula): Determine the empirical formula from mass percentages of elements.
- [Radioactive Decay Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/radioactive-decay): Calculate remaining amount using N(t) = N0 x (1/2)^(t/t1/2).
- [Nernst Equation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/nernst-equation): Calculate cell potential using E = E0 - (RT/nF)ln(Q).
- [Osmotic Pressure Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/osmotic-pressure): Calculate osmotic pressure using the formula pi = MRT.
- [Ideal Gas Law Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/ideal-gas-law): Solve PV = nRT for any variable — pressure, volume, moles, or temperature.
- [Beer-Lambert Law Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/chemistry/beer-lambert-law): Calculate absorbance using A = εbc (molar absorptivity, path length, concentration).

## Everyday Life

> Age, date, time, electricity, discounts, and school tools

- [Everyday Life category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday)
- [Age Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/age-calculator): Calculate your exact age in years, months, and days from your birthdate.
- [Date Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/date-calculator): Find days between two dates or add/subtract days from a date.
- [Time Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/time-calculator): Add or subtract hours, minutes, and seconds.
- [Time Zone Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/time-zone-converter): Convert time between time zones using UTC offset hours.
- [Electricity Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/electricity-cost): Calculate electricity cost from watts, hours of use, and rate per kWh.
- [Unit Price Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/unit-price): Compare unit prices of different package sizes to find the best deal.
- [Discount Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/discount-calculator): Calculate discount amount and final price after a percentage discount.
- [GPA Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/gpa-calculator): Calculate GPA from grades and credit hours.
- [Grade Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/grade-calculator): Calculate what grade you need on your final exam to get your desired grade.
- [Random Number Generator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/random-number): Generate random numbers within a specified range.
- [Dice Roller](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/dice-roller): Roll dice with configurable number of dice and sides.
- [Coin Flip Simulator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/coin-flip): Flip coins and see the distribution of heads and tails.
- [Speed Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/speed-calculator): Calculate speed from distance and time, or solve for any variable.
- [Drive Time Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/everyday/drive-time): Calculate drive time from distance and average speed.

## Food & Cooking

> Cooking conversions, recipe scaling, and food calculators

- [Food & Cooking category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food)
- [Cooking Unit Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/cooking-converter): Convert between cups, tablespoons, teaspoons, ml, and fluid ounces.
- [Grams to Cups Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/grams-to-cups): Convert grams to cups for common baking ingredients.
- [Turkey Cooking Time Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/turkey-cooking-time): Calculate turkey cooking time by weight and method.
- [Pizza Size Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/pizza-size): Compare pizza sizes by area to find the best deal.
- [ABV Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/abv-calculator): Calculate alcohol by volume from original and final gravity.
- [Coffee-to-Water Ratio Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/coffee-ratio): Calculate the perfect coffee-to-water ratio for any brew method.
- [Sourdough Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/sourdough-calculator): Baker's percentage calculator for sourdough bread recipes.
- [Steak Cooking Time Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/steak-cook-time): Calculate steak cooking time by thickness and desired doneness.
- [Recipe Scaler](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/recipe-scaler): Scale recipe ingredients up or down by changing the number of servings.
- [BBQ Meat Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/bbq-meat-calculator): Calculate how much meat to buy per person for a barbecue.
- [Cake Serving Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/food/cake-serving): Estimate how many servings you can get from a round or sheet cake.

## Ecology & Energy

> Solar panels, carbon footprint, and green energy tools

- [Ecology & Energy category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/ecology)
- [Solar Panel Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/ecology/solar-panel): Estimate solar panel system size, cost, and savings for your home.
- [Carbon Footprint Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/ecology/carbon-footprint): Estimate your personal annual carbon footprint from driving, energy, and diet.
- [Electricity Usage Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/ecology/electricity-usage): Estimate home electricity usage and cost by appliance.
- [Wind Turbine Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/ecology/wind-turbine): Estimate wind turbine power output based on wind speed and rotor diameter.
- [EV Range Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/ecology/ev-range): Estimate electric vehicle range based on battery size, efficiency, and conditions.

## Conversions

> Temperature, length, weight, speed, and number base converters

- [Conversions category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion)
- [Temperature Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion/temperature-converter): Convert between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
- [Length Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion/length-converter): Convert between inches, feet, yards, miles, millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers.
- [Weight Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion/weight-converter): Convert between ounces, pounds, grams, kilograms, stone, and tons.
- [Speed Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion/speed-converter): Convert between mph, km/h, m/s, and knots.
- [Hex to Decimal Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion/hex-to-decimal): Convert between hexadecimal, decimal, binary, and octal number bases.
- [Binary to Decimal Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion/binary-to-decimal): Convert binary numbers to decimal and decimal to binary.
- [Cups to Ounces Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/conversion/cups-to-ounces): Convert between cups, fluid ounces, milliliters, and liters.

## Biology

> Genetics, population growth, and biological calculations

- [Biology category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/biology)
- [Blood Type Inheritance Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/biology/blood-type): Predict possible blood types of offspring from parent blood types.
- [Punnett Square Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/biology/punnett-square): Generate a monohybrid Punnett square showing genotype and phenotype ratios.
- [Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/biology/hardy-weinberg): Calculate allele and genotype frequencies using Hardy-Weinberg equations.
- [Population Growth Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/biology/population-growth): Model exponential and logistic population growth over time.
- [Generation Time Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/biology/generation-time): Calculate bacterial generation (doubling) time from growth data.

## Pets & Animals

> Dog age, pet food, chocolate toxicity, and pet care calculators

- [Pets & Animals category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/pets)
- [Dog Age Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/pets/dog-age): Convert your dog's age to human years using the modern veterinary formula.
- [Cat Age Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/pets/cat-age): Convert your cat's age to human years using veterinary guidelines.
- [Chocolate Toxicity Calculator for Dogs](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/pets/chocolate-toxicity): Determine if your dog ate a dangerous amount of chocolate based on weight, type, and amount.
- [Dog Food Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/pets/dog-food): Calculate the right daily food amount for your dog based on weight, age, and activity level.
- [Pet Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/pets/pet-cost): Estimate the annual cost of owning a pet including food, veterinary care, grooming, and insurance.
- [Dog Pregnancy Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/pets/dog-pregnancy): Calculate your dog's due date and track pregnancy weeks from the breeding date.

## Gardening

> Mulch, soil, grass seed, and landscaping calculators

- [Gardening category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening)
- [Mulch Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening/mulch-calculator): Calculate how many cubic yards of mulch you need for your garden or landscape beds.
- [Soil Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening/soil-calculator): Calculate cubic yards of soil, topsoil, or fill dirt needed for your project.
- [Grass Seed Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening/grass-seed): Calculate how much grass seed you need based on lawn size and seeding type.
- [Raised Bed Soil Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening/raised-bed-soil): Calculate how much soil to fill raised garden beds of various shapes.
- [Fertilizer Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening/fertilizer-calculator): Calculate how much fertilizer to apply based on N-P-K ratio and lawn or garden size.
- [Plant Spacing Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening/plant-spacing): Calculate how many plants fit in your garden bed and the optimal grid layout.
- [Compost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/gardening/compost-calculator): Calculate how much compost you need for garden beds and landscaping.

## Clothing & Sizing

> Shoe size, ring size, and clothing conversion calculators

- [Clothing & Sizing category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/clothing)
- [Shoe Size Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/clothing/shoe-size): Convert shoe sizes between US, UK, EU, and centimeters.
- [Ring Size Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/clothing/ring-size): Find your ring size from finger circumference or diameter measurement.
- [Bra Size Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/clothing/bra-size): Calculate your bra size from band and bust measurements.
- [Hat Size Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/clothing/hat-size): Find your hat size from head circumference in inches or centimeters.
- [Dress Size Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/clothing/dress-size): Find your dress size in US, UK, and EU from bust, waist, and hip measurements.

## Weather

> Wind chill, heat index, dew point, and weather calculators

- [Weather category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/weather)
- [Wind Chill Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/weather/wind-chill): Calculate wind chill factor from air temperature and wind speed.
- [Heat Index Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/weather/heat-index): Calculate the heat index (feels-like temperature) from air temperature and humidity.
- [Dew Point Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/weather/dew-point): Calculate the dew point temperature from air temperature and relative humidity.
- [Sunrise & Sunset Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/weather/sunrise-sunset): Estimate approximate sunrise and sunset times from your latitude and date.

## Technology

> Password generator, IP subnet, bandwidth, and dev tools

- [Technology category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology)
- [Password Generator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/password-generator): Generate secure random passwords with customizable length and character types.
- [IP Subnet Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/ip-subnet): Calculate subnet mask, network address, broadcast, and usable host range from CIDR.
- [Color Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/color-converter): Convert colors between HEX, RGB, and HSL formats.
- [Bandwidth Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/bandwidth-calculator): Calculate download time from file size and internet speed.
- [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/aspect-ratio): Calculate aspect ratio from width and height, or find missing dimensions.
- [Data Storage Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/data-storage): Convert between bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, and PB.
- [PPI Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/ppi-calculator): Calculate pixels per inch from screen resolution and display size.
- [URL Encoder / Decoder](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/url-encoder): Encode or decode text for safe use in URLs.
- [AI API Cost Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/technology/ai-api-cost): Estimate the cost of running AI models like GPT-4o, Claude, and Gemini via their APIs.

## Text & Word Tools

> Word counter, character counter, and text utilities

- [Text & Word Tools category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/text-tools)
- [Word Counter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/text-tools/word-counter): Count words, characters, sentences, and paragraphs in your text.
- [Character Counter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/text-tools/character-counter): Count characters with and without spaces, plus social media character limits.
- [Text Case Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/text-tools/text-case-converter): Convert text to UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, or Sentence case instantly.
- [Random Name Picker](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/text-tools/random-name-picker): Enter a list of names and randomly pick one or more winners.

## Sports

> Golf handicap, batting average, bowling score, and sports stats

- [Sports category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/sports)
- [Golf Handicap Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/sports/golf-handicap): Estimate your golf handicap index from recent round scores.
- [Batting Average Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/sports/batting-average): Calculate baseball batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage.
- [Bowling Score Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/sports/bowling-score): Calculate your bowling score with a simple frame-by-frame entry.
- [Swimming Pace Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/sports/swimming-pace): Calculate swimming pace per 100m or 100yd from distance and time.
- [Cycling Power Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/sports/cycling-power): Estimate cycling power (watts) from speed, weight, and gradient.

## Optics & Spectroscopy

> Lens equations, diffraction, Cauchy/Sellmeier dispersion, spectroscopy tools

- [Optics & Spectroscopy category](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics)
- [Cauchy Dispersion Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/cauchy-dispersion): Calculate refractive index vs wavelength using the Cauchy dispersion equation n(λ) = A + B/λ² + C/λ⁴.
- [Sellmeier Equation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/sellmeier-equation): Calculate refractive index using the Sellmeier dispersion equation with material presets (BK7, Fused Silica, SF11).
- [Diffraction Grating Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/diffraction-grating): Calculate diffraction angles, angular dispersion, and resolving power using the grating equation mλ = d(sinα + sinβ).
- [Raman Waveshift Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/raman-waveshift): Convert between Raman shift (cm⁻¹), scattered wavelength (nm), and excitation wavelength for Raman spectroscopy.
- [NA to f-Number Converter](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/na-to-fnumber): Convert between Numerical Aperture (NA) and f-number. NA = 1/(2×f/#) for small angles, or NA = n×sin(θ).
- [Pulse Compressor Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/pulse-compression): Design a grating pulse compressor: calculate grating separation, compressed pulse duration, GDD, and chirp parameter.
- [Pulse Front Tilt Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/pulse-front-tilt): Calculate pulse front tilt angle and group delay from grating parameters for ultrafast optics.
- [Thin Lens Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/thin-lens): Calculate image distance, magnification, and image characteristics using the thin lens equation 1/f = 1/do + 1/di.
- [Lensmaker's Equation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/lensmaker-equation): Calculate focal length and optical power using the Lensmaker's equation: 1/f = (n-1)[1/R1 - 1/R2].
- [Mirror Equation Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/mirror-equation): Calculate image distance, magnification, and image characteristics for concave and convex mirrors.
- [Snell's Law for Optics](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/snells-law-optics): Optics-focused Snell's law with critical angle, Brewster's angle, total internal reflection, and Fresnel reflectance.
- [Brewster's Angle Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/brewster-angle): Calculate Brewster's angle where reflected light is fully polarized. Input refractive indices of two media.
- [Beer-Lambert Law (Optics)](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/beer-lambert-optics): Calculate optical absorbance, transmittance, and optical density using the Beer-Lambert law A = εbc.
- [Angular Resolution Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/angular-resolution): Calculate the diffraction-limited angular resolution using the Rayleigh criterion θ = 1.22λ/D.
- [Focal Length Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/focal-length): Calculate focal length from magnification, object/image distance, or field of view. Versatile focal length solver.
- [Optical Fiber NA Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/optical-fiber-na): Calculate optical fiber numerical aperture, acceptance angle, and V-number. NA = sqrt(n_core² - n_clad²).
- [Prism Dispersion Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/prism-dispersion): Calculate prism deviation angle, minimum deviation, and angular dispersion for optical prisms.
- [Gaussian Beam Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/gaussian-beam): Calculate Rayleigh range, divergence angle, beam diameter at distance, and depth of focus for a Gaussian beam.
- [Thin-Film Coating Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/thin-film-coating): Calculate reflectance of a single-layer thin-film optical coating at normal incidence with quarter-wave and half-wave analysis.
- [Laser Spot Size Calculator](https://calcmountain.com/calculators/optics/laser-spot-size): Calculate the focused spot diameter, depth of focus, and peak intensity of a laser beam focused by a lens.