Physics Calculators
Ohms law, force, energy, motion, and electrical calculators
Ohm's Law Calculator
Calculate voltage, current, or resistance using Ohm's Law (V = IR).
Speed Distance Time Calculator
Solve for speed, distance, or time using the formula Speed = Distance / Time.
Force Calculator (F=ma)
Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using Newton's Second Law F = ma.
Acceleration Calculator
Calculate acceleration from initial velocity, final velocity, and time.
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate kinetic energy using KE = 1/2 mv².
Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate gravitational potential energy using PE = mgh.
Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, or volume using Density = Mass / Volume.
Momentum Calculator
Calculate momentum using p = mv (mass times velocity).
Free Fall Calculator
Calculate free fall distance, velocity, and time for an object dropped from height.
Pressure Calculator
Calculate pressure from force and area using P = F/A.
Power Calculator (Watts)
Calculate electrical power using P = VI, P = I²R, or P = W/t.
Frequency Calculator
Calculate frequency from period and vice versa (f = 1/T).
Wavelength Calculator
Calculate wavelength from wave speed and frequency (lambda = v/f).
Voltage Divider Calculator
Calculate voltage divider output using Vout = Vin x R2/(R1+R2).
Resistor Color Code Calculator
Find resistor value from color bands (4-band and 5-band).
Wire Gauge (AWG) Calculator
Find AWG wire ampacity, diameter, and resistance per foot.
LED Resistor Calculator
Calculate the current-limiting resistor needed for an LED circuit.
Torque Calculator
Calculate torque using the formula τ = F × r × sin(θ).
Work Calculator
Calculate mechanical work using W = F × d × cos(θ).
Spring Constant Calculator
Calculate spring constant using Hooke's Law F = kx.
Pendulum Calculator
Calculate the period of a simple pendulum using T = 2π√(L/g).
Centripetal Force Calculator
Calculate centripetal force using F = mv²/r.
Coulomb's Law Calculator
Calculate electrostatic force using Coulomb's Law F = kq₁q₂/r².
Capacitance Calculator
Calculate capacitance, charge, voltage, and energy stored using Q = CV.
Snell's Law Calculator
Calculate refraction angle using Snell's Law n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂).
Doppler Effect Calculator
Calculate observed frequency from source and observer velocities.
Buoyancy Calculator
Calculate buoyant force using Archimedes' principle F_b = ρVg.
Bernoulli Equation Calculator
Apply Bernoulli's principle: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant.
Flow Rate Calculator
Calculate volume flow rate using Q = A × v.
Gear Ratio Calculator
Calculate gear ratio from teeth counts, speed, and torque conversion.
Pulley Calculator
Calculate mechanical advantage of pulley systems.
Escape Velocity Calculator
Calculate escape velocity using v = √(2GM/r).
Orbital Velocity Calculator
Calculate orbital velocity using v = √(GM/r).
E=mc² Calculator
Calculate energy-mass equivalence using Einstein's E = mc².
Decibel Calculator
Calculate decibels from power or intensity ratios.
Speed of Sound Calculator
Calculate the speed of sound in air at different temperatures.
Hooke's Law Calculator
Calculate force, displacement, and elastic potential energy using Hooke's Law F = kx.
Voltage Drop Calculator
Calculate voltage drop across a wire run based on length, gauge, and current.
Friction Force Calculator
Calculate friction force from normal force and coefficient of friction.
About our physics calculators
Physics calculators on CalcMountain cover the foundational equations of classical mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, waves, and fluid dynamics. The collection is built around the equations taught in introductory and intermediate college physics, plus the practical electrical engineering tools (Ohm's law, voltage divider, voltage drop, wire gauge, resistor color code, capacitance, LED current limiter) that practicing electronics hobbyists and engineers use regularly.
Mechanics coverage includes Newton's second law (force), kinematics (speed/distance/time, acceleration, free fall), energy (kinetic, potential, work, power), momentum, friction, springs (Hooke's law, spring constant, pendulum period), and rotational quantities (torque, gear ratio, pulley). The escape velocity, orbital velocity, centripetal force, and E=mc² calculators support astrophysics and special-relativity coursework.
For waves and acoustics, we have wavelength, frequency, speed of sound, Doppler effect, and decibel calculators. The decibel calculator is particularly useful for audio engineering and OSHA noise-exposure calculations. Optics overlaps with the dedicated optics category but we keep a basic Snell's law calculator here for general physics use.
Electromagnetics covers Coulomb's law, capacitance, and the full set of practical electrical tools above. The voltage drop calculator follows NEC (National Electrical Code) guidelines for wire sizing in long runs — important for residential electricians and DIY installers running 240V circuits to outbuildings.
Fluid dynamics includes Bernoulli's equation, flow rate, pressure, density, and buoyancy. The Bernoulli calculator handles the canonical aerodynamics application but works for any incompressible flow.
Constants follow CODATA 2018 (the most recent international recommended values for physical constants). Equations follow the conventions in Halliday/Resnick/Walker, Young/Freedman, or Tipler/Mosca for general physics, and Horowitz/Hill for electronics. Real-world applications often involve corrections (relativistic effects, quantum corrections, non-ideal gas behavior, viscosity, turbulence) that our basic calculators don't address — for those, you'll want a specialized package or your professor.